Fire Compliance
BCA D2.21 Exit Door and Fire Door Lock Regulations (Building Codes of Australia)
Exit Doors are a critical part of the fire and safety infrastructure of a building. By law there are very specific locking requirements required for Exit Doors. Locks used on Exit Doors – which also include Fire Doors and Path of Travel Doors - are governed by Building Codes of Australia (BCA) Ordinance D2.21. Mostly (but not always) these doors are identified by an illuminated green EXIT sign above (or leading to) the Exit Door..bmp)
Exit safety is paramount, and includes emergency evacuations such as (but not limited to) fires, toxic gas leaks, chemical spills, personal safety, and even bomb threats. The code specifically states that personal safety takes precedence over security. Local Council Building and Fire Inspectors, and the Fire Brigade, are the authorities that most commonly police compliance of this regulation. The regulation is complex with numerous grey areas, with the ultimate interpretation falling with the inspecting authority.
There are also requirements within workplace OH&S policy to meet this regulation.Local councils also require compulsory annual fire safety certificates, which also encompass requirements within regulation D2.21.
There are three categories of Exit Doors:
Fire Door: A Fire Door is a door that enters a fireproof stairway or tunnel. The door itself is made from a special fire resistant material, and has a fire rating compliance tag fitted to the hinge edge of the door. A steel fire resistant door frame is also used.
EXIT Door: An Exit Door is a door that allows an emergency exit from a building. Dependant on its location, it need not necessarily be fire rated, or steel framed.
Path of Travel Door: A path of travel door is a door in the egress pathway leading to or between a Fire Door or Exit Door. They are often dual purpose and also used as smoke doors
D2.21 Compliance
· The egress opening action of a lock must be a single handed downward lever action. A pushing action is also allowed, and is preferred.
· Internal knobs or turn snibs are not permitted. This provision takes into account the need for an emergency opening mechanism to be operable by people with hand or arm related disabilities, burns to their hands, with perspiring or wet hands, or the aged or infirm.
· The opening mechanism should be capable of being operated by a nudging action whilst dragging an injured or unconscious person to safety.
· Key locking in not permissible on the egress side (inside) of the door.
· Only one lock per door is permissible.
· Locks must be fitted at a height of between 900mm and 1100mm from the floor level
In the case of Fire Doors, the lock must be self-latching, and be fire rated in accordance with AS1905.1. A fire rated automatic door closer must also be fitted. Only fire rated hardware may be fitted to fire rated doors. Note on door lock heights Exit Doors, Fire Doors, Path of Travel Doors, and Disabled Access Doors, now have a standardised lock height of 900mm-1100mm. The exception being locks in Childcare facilities, which may be 1500mm-1650mm as necessary.
It is a compulsory requirement and duty of care to ensure that all exit doors are safe and functional and BCA code compliant.
Fire Doors must only be fitted with door hardware fire rated in accordance with AS1905.1
Fire Door locks must be self-latching and are not permitted to have a hold open feature. It is a legal offence to prop open or otherwise interfere with the automatic closing action of a Fire Door. Fire Doors must be fitted with a fire rated automatic (non hold open) door closer. An automatic closing door is essential in controlling smoke, heat, and back drafts, which could potentially feed the fire.
Safety comes before security. Security cannot be upgraded beyond the point of a single D2.21/AS1905.1 compliant lock. Non-complaint deadlocks, multiple locks, locking bolts, padlocks, or padbolt type fittings, are all considered dangerous, and are not permitted to be used. Replacement locks or hardware must be brought up to current BCA compliance. Ie: If a knob style lock is currently fitted, it must be upgraded to lever action when replaced.
Panic Bars - also known as crash bars or exit devices – are deemed necessary where large volumes of people collect, and there is a risk of crowd crush. Crowd crush is where a panicking uncontrolled volume of people surge against an exit door in an emergency situation, preventing it from being opened. Panic bars burst open preventing this from happening.
Exit Doors are a critical part of the fire and safety infrastructure of a building. By law there are very specific locking requirements required for Exit Doors. Locks used on Exit Doors – which also include Fire Doors and Path of Travel Doors - are governed by Building Codes of Australia (BCA) Ordinance D2.21. Mostly (but not always) these doors are identified by an illuminated green EXIT sign above (or leading to) the Exit Door.
Exit safety is paramount, and includes emergency evacuations such as (but not limited to) fires, toxic gas leaks, chemical spills, personal safety, and even bomb threats. The code specifically states that personal safety takes precedence over security. Local Council Building and Fire Inspectors, and the Fire Brigade, are the authorities that most commonly police compliance of this regulation. The regulation is complex with numerous grey areas, with the ultimate interpretation falling with the inspecting authority.
There are also requirements within workplace OH&S policy to meet this regulation.Local councils also require compulsory annual fire safety certificates, which also encompass requirements within regulation D2.21.
There are three categories of Exit Doors:
Fire Door: A Fire Door is a door that enters a fireproof stairway or tunnel. The door itself is made from a special fire resistant material, and has a fire rating compliance tag fitted to the hinge edge of the door. A steel fire resistant door frame is also used.
EXIT Door: An Exit Door is a door that allows an emergency exit from a building. Dependant on its location, it need not necessarily be fire rated, or steel framed.
Path of Travel Door: A path of travel door is a door in the egress pathway leading to or between a Fire Door or Exit Door. They are often dual purpose and also used as smoke doors
D2.21 Compliance
· The egress opening action of a lock must be a single handed downward lever action. A pushing action is also allowed, and is preferred.
· Internal knobs or turn snibs are not permitted. This provision takes into account the need for an emergency opening mechanism to be operable by people with hand or arm related disabilities, burns to their hands, with perspiring or wet hands, or the aged or infirm.
· The opening mechanism should be capable of being operated by a nudging action whilst dragging an injured or unconscious person to safety.
· Key locking in not permissible on the egress side (inside) of the door.
· Only one lock per door is permissible.
· Locks must be fitted at a height of between 900mm and 1100mm from the floor level
In the case of Fire Doors, the lock must be self-latching, and be fire rated in accordance with AS1905.1. A fire rated automatic door closer must also be fitted. Only fire rated hardware may be fitted to fire rated doors. Note on door lock heights Exit Doors, Fire Doors, Path of Travel Doors, and Disabled Access Doors, now have a standardised lock height of 900mm-1100mm. The exception being locks in Childcare facilities, which may be 1500mm-1650mm as necessary.
It is a compulsory requirement and duty of care to ensure that all exit doors are safe and functional and BCA code compliant.
Fire Doors must only be fitted with door hardware fire rated in accordance with AS1905.1
Fire Door locks must be self-latching and are not permitted to have a hold open feature. It is a legal offence to prop open or otherwise interfere with the automatic closing action of a Fire Door. Fire Doors must be fitted with a fire rated automatic (non hold open) door closer. An automatic closing door is essential in controlling smoke, heat, and back drafts, which could potentially feed the fire.
Safety comes before security. Security cannot be upgraded beyond the point of a single D2.21/AS1905.1 compliant lock. Non-complaint deadlocks, multiple locks, locking bolts, padlocks, or padbolt type fittings, are all considered dangerous, and are not permitted to be used. Replacement locks or hardware must be brought up to current BCA compliance. Ie: If a knob style lock is currently fitted, it must be upgraded to lever action when replaced.
Panic Bars - also known as crash bars or exit devices – are deemed necessary where large volumes of people collect, and there is a risk of crowd crush. Crowd crush is where a panicking uncontrolled volume of people surge against an exit door in an emergency situation, preventing it from being opened. Panic bars burst open preventing this from happening.
